1.Sentence and Phrases

  Sentence and Phrases 
       
  When we speak or write we use words. We make ourselves understood by using words in groups. The study  of grammar is basically the study of how words behave in groups.




Look at the following groups of words

1. The sun has risen
2. My mother is a teacher
3. I am learning English
4. in the field
5. at 5 o'clock
6. to see him

    

    Do you find any difference between the first three groups of words and the other three? The first three group of words each make complete sense and can stand alone. They are sentences. 

The other three [4-6] make some sense, but not complete sense. They cannot stand on there on. They are phrases

A phrase is used as part of sentences.We might add some words to the above phrases so as to form of sentences 

• The cattle are grazing in the field
• The meeting is at 5o'clock
• She want to see him

A sentence is a group of words which makes complete sense. It can stand on it on

A phrase is a group of words which makes some sense and cannot stand alone. It can be used as a part of larger unit that makes complete sense.


EXERCISE I

Say which of the following are sentence and which are phrases

1. at the gate.
2. They arrived.
3. I have seen the film already.
4. Sit here.
5. in the middle of street.
6. The boy has gone to school.
7. at noon.
8. This book is interesting.
9. For about a month.
10. By return of post. 
11. That is my book.
12. She was tired.
13. in front of the house.
14. to witness the cricket match.
15. Birds fly.

Sentence  can do for different kind of works consider the following sentences:-

1. He has open the door.
2. Have you open the door
3. Open the door
4. How noisily he open the door?

Sentence 1 make a statement

Sentence 2 make a question

Sentence 3 make a command

Sentence 4 make an exclamation

Kind of sentences 

A.Statements


Look at these sentences

1. Mr.Kumar teaches us English
2. Thiruvanathapuram is the capital of Kerala
3. Honesty is the best policy
4. Prevention is better than cure
5. The cinema can be used for education as well as for entertainment
6. Mr.Raj left for the Delhi yesterday
7. The majority of people in our country do not know how to read and write
8. Smoking is not good for the body
9. I have never seen a white elephant
10. There were no Aeroplanes in the last century

Sentence of this kind state facts, describe things or report events. So they called statements. they are called Assertive or Declarative sentences. This one kind of sentences, not that sentences 1 to 6 makes positive statements. Such statements are called Affirmative statements. Sentences 7 to 10 are also statements but they state things in a negative way, using words such as not never, no . They are there for called Negative sentences 

B. Questons

Look at these sentences

1. What i can do for you?
2. Did you come here yesterday?
3. When did you pass your exam?

Sentence of these kind express a question or enquiry. They are called Interrogative sentences or simply Questions.

Note: A question mark[?] is put at the end of a question.

C.Commands

Look at these sentences

1. Take these cup and saucers away
2. Please get me some postage stamp
3. Stop reading now
4. Kindly excuse me for my mistake 
5. Don't disturb me

Sentences of these kind, which express a command,a request, an advice,etc. are called Imperative sentences. We can give all of them the common name ,Commands.

D. Exclamations

Look at these sentences

1. What a tall building!
2. Oh God!
3. What a sad story!
4. What a big roses!

Sentences of this kind  express strong feelings such as admiration, surprise, pity, sorrow,etc. and are called Exclamations or Exclamatory sentences.

Note:At the end of an exclamatory sentence we put the mark exclamation[!] 

 EXERCISES II 


Below are 15 sentences without punctuation marks at the end of them, Classify the sentences[ declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory] and put the suitable punctuation mark at the end of each.

1. Post these letters
2. This bag cost sixty rupees
3. What lovely music it is 
4. Switch on the light
5. How did you get there
6. How beautiful the garden is
7. Get me some water
8. Are you going to market
9. Stop that at once
10. Mahesh is good boy
11. Be quiet
12. What a clever girl you are
13. Peter goes to church regularly
14. How tall you have
15. Have you finished the exercises